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What is USB Enumeration?
USB bus enumeration is the process of detecting, identifying, and managing devices attached to the USB bus. When a device ...
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USB 2.0 Architecture Explained
The USB 2.0 architecture follows a star network configuration with a single host that controls all connected devices. Connection between ... Read more
Understanding Transients in Electrical Circuits
In electrical systems, transients refer to temporary, short-duration deviations from the steady-state behaviour of a system. These are caused by ... Read more
USB 2.0 Standard Explained
USB 2.0, released in April 2000, represented a major advancement in performance and functionality over USB 1.1. It introduced a ... Read more
USB – (Universal Serial Bus) Overview, Purpose, Standards and Types
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is an industry-standard introduced in 1996 to standardize the connection of peripherals to computers, replacing interfaces ... Read more
Selecting the Right Ethernet Magnetics
Selecting magnetics for Ethernet, especially for interfaces like 10/100Base-T or 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet), involves considering several key factors. Magnetics offers ... Read more
Ethernet Cable – Twisted-Pair Cable Types Explained
Twisted-pair copper cable is a type of cabling where internal pairs of wires are twisted together to protect against crosstalk, ... Read more
Ethernet PCB Layout Design Guidelines
Ethernet is essential in various applications due to its speed and reliability. It forms the backbone of office LANs and ... Read more
Ethernet Protection Strategy Explained- ESD, EFT, CDE
Ethernet ports are vulnerable to electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical fast transient (EFT), lightning, and cable discharge events (CDE), which can ... Read more
What is RGMII (Reduced Gigabit Media Independent) Interface?
RGMII stands for Reduced Gigabit Media Independent Interface. It is a standard used to connect Ethernet PHYs (Physical Layer devices) ... Read more
What is Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII)?
The Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII), specified by IEEE Std 802.3 Clause 35, is a standard interface designed to facilitate ... Read more
Media-Independent Interface (MII & RMII) in Ethernet
The Media-Independent Interface (MII) serves as a standardized method for connecting Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) devices to PHY (Physical ... Read more
Understanding RS485 Standard and Working of RS485 Transceiver
RS-485 is a balanced data transmission standard for serial communication. RS-485 facilitates the robust transmission of moderate data rates across ... Read more
Understanding the Ethernet PHY and its Components
Ethernet is a widely used technology in LAN networking, offering data-link and physical specifications for controlling access to a shared ... Read more
What is Ethernet?
The diagram below was drawn by Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe in 1976 to present Ethernet to the National Computer Conference ... Read more
What is Ripple Factor?
In power supply circuits, ripple factor is a critical parameter because it affects the stability and quality of the DC ... Read more
What is Full Wave Rectifier?
A full wave rectifier is an electronic circuit used to convert alternating current (AC) into pulsating direct current (DC). Unlike ... Read more
